前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下：
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
具体如下图：
根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：
第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" > < bean id ="sessionFactory" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean > <!-- 配置DAO --> < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < bean id ="userDao" class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" > <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" /> < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" /> < property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> < property name ="transactionAttributes" > < props > < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > </ beans >
第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" > < bean id ="sessionFactory" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < bean id ="transactionBase" class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true" > <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> < property name ="transactionAttributes" > < props > < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > <!-- 配置DAO --> < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase" > < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" /> </ bean > </ beans >
第三种方式：使用拦截器
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" > < bean id ="sessionFactory" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < bean id ="transactionInterceptor" class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" > < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> < property name ="transactionAttributes" > < props > < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > < bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" > < property name ="beanNames" > < list > < value > *Dao </ value > </ list > </ property > < property name ="interceptorNames" > < list > < value > transactionInterceptor </ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > <!-- 配置DAO --> < bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean > </ beans >
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" > < context:annotation-config /> < context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" /> < bean id ="sessionFactory" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" > < tx:attributes > < tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" /> </ tx:attributes > </ tx:advice > < aop:config > < aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts" expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> < aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice" pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts" /> </ aop:config > </ beans >
第五种方式：全注解
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" > < context:annotation-config /> < context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" /> < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" /> < bean id ="sessionFactory" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean > </ beans >
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：
package com.bluesky.spring.dao; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User; @Transactional @Component( " userDao " ) public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { public List < User > listUsers() { return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list(); } 
}
}